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*History
Construction
U.S. President Harry S. Truman took the occasion of the ceremony of her keel was laid on 14 June 1952 at the shipyard Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics in Groton , Connecticut in part. The naming ceremony took on 21 January 1954 Mamie Eisenhower before, the wife of President Dwight D. Eisenhower . After her commissioning on 30 September 1954 was Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson first commander.Before the Nautilus but could set sail, she first had to remain for some time in the dock to perform final work and tests. On 17January 1955 at 11 clock, she passed and finally sat down for the first time on their own and with atomic power in motion. In the coming months, a test program was completed before the Nautilus on 10 May under took its first real use drive to the south. During the whole route to Puerto Rico , they remained immersed and put it back 1381 miles in 90 hours, which was at that time the longest submerged voyage of a submarine while still represented a speed record for submerged boats. Between 1955 and 1957 by boat, the tactical implications of radically increased diving speed and duration were investigated. Nuclear submarines presented the traditional strategies to combat submarine units on its head. Aircraft and radar , with those in the Second World War were fought submarines, proved ineffective against a boat that did not show up, leave an area in record time and was able to flexibly change its depth.
Rides
On 4 February 1957 laid the Nautilus its 60,000. nautical mile back, what with the duration of the fictional Nautilus in Jules Verne'snovel 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea was consistent. In May, she left her home port to the Pacific coast to the fleet exerciseHome Run participate, which was first performed with nuclear submarines.Between 21 July and 19th August, the Nautilus in New London , Connecticut, at anchor before their first trip under the polar ice broke up with 1383 miles in length. Then she participated in a NATO exercise in the eastern Atlantic and part-attended various French and British ports, where she was visited by defense experts from those countries extensively. On 28 October she was back in New London, was just waiting and then undertook until next spring operations off the coast.
The North Pole crossing under
On 25 April 1958 she set out again on the way to the west coast. After stops in San Diego , San Francisco and Seattle began the Nautilus their historic polar travel (OperationSunshine ), as on her ninth June, the Port of Seattle left. On 19 June they reached the Chukchi Sea , but had to because of too much drift reversed. On 28 June she arrived in Pearl Harbor , where they waited for better conditions. On 23 July sat Nautilus again northward course. On 1 August she went near Point Barrow ( Alaska ) dive down, and on 3 August 1958 it reached at 23.15 clock (EDST) was the first ship to the geographic North Pole (Point Barrow - North Pole 2072 km/1.287, 48 miles). After 96 hours and 1,830 miles under the ice they appeared northeast of Greenland on again and had completed the first successful crossing of the Arctic ice. As the Nautilus arrived in Portland (England), the ship and its crew from the American Ambassador JH Whitney was awarded a medal. On 29 October she was back in her home port in New London. This trip had a major impact on the strategy of nuclear deterrence , because the U.S. thus demonstrating the possibility of nuclear weapons - support systems up to the front door of the Soviet Union to bring. The warning of a nuclear attack was shortened considerably. The reaction of the Soviets was only years later by the first nuclear counterpart in submarine, the Leninsky Komsomol .Further deployments
After naval exercises in the spring of 1959 which ran Nautilus the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery , Maine to, to get their first complete overhaul (28 May to 15 August 1960).Between 24 October and 16th In December 1960 she was with the 6th U.S. fleet in the Mediterranean .The Nautilus was operating some time in the Atlantic, to support field testing of improved techniques for combating anti-submarine and take part in NATO maneuvers. In autumn 1962, she supported the naval blockade against Cuba . After completion of the Cuban missile crisis in August 1963, she took a further two-month tour to the Mediterranean and then took part in fleet exercises before it was in January 1964 for the second time in Kittery overhauled from the ground up.
As of 2 May 1966 was the Nautilus again the Atlantic fleet available. Shortly after, she put her 300,000. Mile on the lake back. Until August 1967, she went on unspecified special operations.
In November 1966, the North Atlantic were held U.S. Seekriegsübungen. For the 10th November a torpedo school shooting was planned when the Nautilus and the aircraft carrierUSS Essex took part. The security of the aircraft carrier were some destroyers to. When the Nautilus at startup to mock attack was, there was a collision between the submarine and the aircraft carrier . After the Nautilus was in the immediate vicinity of the aircraft carrier reduced its depth to just below the water surface, they came under the foredeck. The collision of the front panel located on the tower of the submarine deployable and equipment was destroyed. The Essex was a leak below the water line. The ships were at this time about 360 miles off the coast of the U.S. state of North Carolina . Immediately after the collision appeared the Nautilus , and ran into a destroyer escort for the damage to New London. The damage on the Nautilus were fixed on special instructions quickly. The aircraft carrier was on the other hand to remove his damaged a few months in the shipyard.
The end
In the spring of 1979 was the Nautilus of Groton from their last trip. She reached the Iceland Mare Naval Shipyard in Vallejo on 26 May 1979. There she was decommissioned on 3 March 1980 deleted from the register of ships and subsequently restored.The Nautilus was on 20 May 1982 by the U.S. Department of Interior to a National Historic Landmark explained. After an extensive renovation that was Nautilus towed back to Groton, where they are on 6th July 1985 arrived. The following year it was opened to the public as a museum ship.
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