Projekt 949 (Oskar-klasse)

Project 949 was the name of a class of nuclear-powered submarines with tactical missiles of the Soviet and later the Russian Navy . The NATO designation for these boats was Oscar-class .
In the Russian Seekriegsflotte the boats are as Podvodnaya Lodka Atomnaya Raketnaya Krylataya (PLARK, ПЛАРК) translated, "nuclear-powered missile submarine cruiser" classified, what the designation SSGN the U.S. Navy equivalent. In this category, these submarines are currently the largest in the world. 949 The project includes two models, both with anti-ship missiles are armed.

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Ship data Boatyard Recruit 402 Sewerodwinsk Construction Time 1975 to 1979 Decommissioning 1986 to 1995 Built units 2

Ship Dimensions and crew Long 143 m ( turkish delight ) Width 18.2 m from Tiefenruder: 20,1 m Draft max. 9,2 m Displacement emerged: 12,500 tons (13,400 t) submerged: 20,540 tons (22,500 t) Crew 94 man

Machine Machine 2 x OK-650 pressurized water reactors , each with 190  MW Propeller 4 fünfflügelig (2 Tandem Propeller)

Use data Submarine Depth, normal 400 m Maximum depth. 450 m Rate dipped max. 30 kn (56 km / h) Speed ​​appeared max. 15 kn (28 km / h)

Arming 24 × P-700 Granit -launch canister 4 × Torpedorohre ∅ 53.3 cm 2 × 65 cm ∅ Torpedorohre Sensors MGK-500 "Skat-KS" Sonar MRK-21A ESM -System MRKP-58 "Radian" Radar

Projekt 949 Granit (949 Проект Гранит)

The future U.S. carrier battle groups, whose performance with the construction of the USS Nimitz had pincreased dramatically from 1968 presented, represents a threat against the former agent of the Soviet Navy were likely to be ineffective.
The long reach of U.S. ships engaged on these aircraft allowed this, the Tu-16 (which form the backbone of the Soviet Naval Aviation) intercept, long before they could attack the aircraft carrier. The same was true for Soviet submarines, such as Project 671 , by the new anti-submarine aircraft of the type S-3 could be attacked before their RPK-2 rockets were fired at the vehicle.
Experts calculated that about 20 to 24 salvos of cruise missiles would be needed for at least some of them to penetrate the missile defense of a U.S. aircraft carrier association.The weapons were to be launched from a safe vehicle for the start distance of 500 km and a speed of 2,500 km / h have to reduce the time for corrective action. Result of these requirements, the P-700 anti-ship missile that entered service in 1975 in a long testing phase.
Another requirement of the future missile carrier was to be able to fire all 24 missiles in a short sequence to the missile defense of the opponent to be any opportunity to destroy incoming missiles in succession.  The guidance of these weapons, or the ability of a U- boat ever to discover a target of 500 km, was dissolved by using satellite observation type MKRTS "Legend" .
Thus, on 30 September 1970 decided to extend the project with the 949 cipher granite to develop.  The development began in 1976 under the direction of IL Baranov in special construction office 18 (SKB-18) ruby in Leningrad .

Hull

The total length of the boats of Project 949 was 143 meters. The construction of the hull is located here under the P-700 cruise missiles. As it should be possible to use up in this relatively short time, everyone had to get its own missile launch tube. Arranged one per 12 starting container on each side of the pressure hull of the ship front half. With the launch tubes and the outer shell so a width of 18.2 meters, has been reached. With 22,500 tons displacement at Warlords were the Project 949 boats then also the second largest submarine in the world, according to Project 941 .

Departments

The pressure hull of Project 949, ie the area in which the crew can move houses, from stem to stern, the following departments with up to four decks per department:
Abteilung1: The torpedo room with chargers and spare torpedoes, computing capacity for the main and the two sonar sonar sensors on the fuselage sides, batteries.
Division 2: bridge, sonar room, batteries, stairs to the tower and to the escape pod.
Division 3: radio shack, antennas, computer capacity, accommodation, pumping systems
Division 4: access hatch to the tower, exhibition , lounge, swimming pool , toilets, infirmary.
Division 5: generators, air treatment system, fresh water production.
Division 6: Nuclear division with two consecutive pressurized water reactors and reactor controls.
Division 7: front steam turbine , exit hatch.
Division 8: aft steam turbine
Division 9: Wave, rear hatch, steering gear

Armament

P-700

The main armament form 24 anti-ship missiles of the type P-700 Granit . Start with 12 containers of type SM-225 are installed between the pressure hull and the enveloping each to port and starboard side fixed with a tilt angle of 40 °. A flap for 2 launch container is responsible for the closure of the enveloping body - so the outer skin - the U-cruiser. The maximum depth for firing the missile is 50 meters at a speed of 5 knots. A quick succession forming successful salvo launch of several missiles (in 5-second intervals) with the necessary rapid Austrimmung the carrier vessel is possible. Here the individual assets volleys different goals to fly with the rockets of each salvo may remain very close.
In December 2011, said a representative of the Russian defense industry that the P-700 on the boats of the project 949 by cruise missiles of the type P-800 Oniks (SS-N-26 Strobile) and Cal are replaced (SS-N-27 Sizzler) should. It would not elaborate structural modifications necessary. The work is scheduled in the shipyard Swjesdotschka in Severodvinsk and the work Zvezda in the Far East of Russia to take place.

Torpedos

For self-defense have the Submarine two "überkalibrige" 650-millimeter torpedo tubes from which submarine missiles of the type RPK-7 Veder can be fired (SS-N-16B Stallion) and heavy torpedoes type 40th The two pipes are mounted side by side in the center of the boat, since only there, the mounted behind the tubes reserve weapons find enough room.
Further, four 533-mm torpedo tubes for rockets WA-111 are Schkwal and the usual normal torpedoes available. Two of the tubes are mounted immediately adjacent to the 650-mm pipes on the outer sides of the torpedo compartment. The other two 533-mm pipes are installed on these outer tubes.

Units

The granite-class comprised only two units that have been put into service in 1980 and 1983. Both were scrapped in 1996 for financial reasons, and are currently being launched in Severodvinsk scrapped.

K-525 Arkhangelsk

K-525 was born on 25 July 1975 Keel-laying. The submarine was on the 3rd May 1980 the launching and the 30th December of the year in the service of the Northern Fleet. 1987 and 1988 led the team rocket fire by the lake. In April 1993, it was in the name of Archangelbaptized. Due to lack of funding after the collapse of the Soviet Union was the submarine on 7 January 1998 removed from the fleet list and scrapped in Severodvinsk.

K-206 Murmansk

K-206 was born on 22 April 1979 Keel-laying. The submarine was 10 December 1982 the launching and the 30th November 1983 in the service of the Northern Fleet. On 14 April 1982, the boat was initially the addition name Komsomolsk of Minsk , which it lost in 1992 as Minsk no longer belonged to the territory of Russia. While the boat was docked for repairs since 1991, it was in April 1993 in the name of Murmansk baptized. Due to lack of funding, the ship was on the 7th January 1998 removed from the fleet list and scrapped in Severodvinsk.

Projekt 949A Antey (Проект 949А Антей)

The following project 949A (Russian Проект 949А "Антей") was larger and was in accordance with the code name Antey(Russian: «Антей"). after the mythical giant

Although only two boats were built by Project 949, the concept had gained wide support in the upper ranks of the Navy. The competing product, which was to achieve the task of fighting American carrier groups, suitable, namely own aircraft carrier, was because of the enormous cost (about ten times more than a 949 submarine), the long construction times and the vulnerability to attacks not a real option for mass production . The decision was to build more boats of the project 949th
The experience led to the addition of other facilities and a review of the systems for controlling the boat's emissions. Externally, the cylindrical container for the SKAT-KC-antenna on the top of the tail rudder is the most obvious distinguishing feature of Project 949A toward 949th project

Departments

The pressure hull of Project 949A, which is the area in which the crew can move houses, from stem to stern, the following departments on four decks:
Abteilung1: The torpedo room with chargers and spare torpedoes, computing capacity for the main and the two sonar sonar sensors on the fuselage sides, batteries.
Division 2: bridge, sonar room, batteries, stairs to the tower and to the escape pod.
Division 3: radio shack, antennas, computer capacity, accommodation, pumping systems
Division 4: access hatch to the tower, exhibition, lounge, swimming pool, toilets, infirmary.
Division 5: generators, air treatment system, fresh water production.
Division 6: Nuclear division with two consecutive pressurized water reactors and reactor controls, pressure chamber to hatch.
Division 7: front steam turbine
Division 8: aft steam turbine
Division 9: Wave, rear hatch, steering gear

Units

The production of the boats started to keel laying of K-148 in July 1982. From 1986, 11 units were put into service. More were planned but have not been completed.

K-148 Krasnodar

K-148 was born on 22 July 1982 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The submarine was on the 3rd March 1985 the launching and the 30th September 1986 in the service of the Northern Fleet. 1992/1993 she was named the Krasnodar . The boat was taken out of active service in 1996 and launched in 2001 for preparations for dismantling.

K-173 Krasnojarsk

K-173 was born on 4 August 1983 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The submarine ran on 27 March 1986 the launching and the 31stDecember 1986 in the service of the Northern Fleet. In summer 1991, the boat was on the Pacific Fleet moved. In April 1993, it was in the name of Krasnoyarsk baptized. In 1995, K-173 was opened for repair and was 2008 in the fleet list of the Pacific Fleet.

K-132 in Irkutsk

K-132 was born on 8 May 1985 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The submarine was launched in December 1987 and was completed on 30December 1986 in the service of the Northern Fleet. She was transferred in October 1990 to the Pacific Fleet. In April 1993, she was in the name of Irkutsk baptized. 2008 it was opened for repair.

K-119 Voronezh

K-119 was the end of February 1986 laid the keel in Severodvinsk. The submarine ran on 16 December 1986 and was launched on 29December 1989 in the service of the Northern Fleet. In March 1990, another submarine of the class Project 671 PTMK fixed during an exercise extremely loud noise wave at K-119. When installing the new wave in the shipyard were based on incorrect calculations, so that K-152 for a half years to repair the back yard had. In April 1993, she was in the name of Voronezh baptized. From 2006, the boat went back to Swesdotschka shipyard to be upgraded and modernized. Once the repair and modernization work, the submarine was in November 2011, back to his barracks on the Kola Peninsula transferred.

K-410 Smolensk

K-410 was born on 9 December 1986 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The submarine ran on 20 In January 1990 and was launched on 22 December 1990 Saosjorsk put at the service of the Northern Fleet. In April 1993, she was in the name of Smolensk baptized. In 2005 she was overhauled. In November 2011 in the shipyard Swesdotschka began repair and modernization work to be completed by 2014.  In December 2011, said a representative of the Russian defense industry that during the repair work, the SS-N-19 missiles by anti- ship missiles of the type SS-N-26 Strobile be replaced.

K-442 Chelyabinsk

K-442 was born on 21 May 1987 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The submarine was launched in June 1990 and on 28 December 1990 decision in service and in 1991 transferred to the Pacific Fleet. In April 1993, she was in the name of Chelyabinsk baptized.

K-456 Kasatka (Schwertwal) / Wiljutschinsk

K-456 was born on 9 February 1988 laid the keel in Severodvinsk. The submarine was launched in 1991 and was named Kasatka . It was on 18 August in 1992 in service. In 1993 she was transferred to the Pacific Fleet. In June 1996, the boat was in the name Wiljutschinsk renamed.

K-266 Sewerodwinsk / Orel

K-266 was born on 19 January 1989 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The submarine ran on 22 May 1992 by launching and the 30 December 1992 in the service of the Northern Fleet and was named Severodvinsk . In April 1993, she was on the name Orel renamed. 2003-2004, it was overhauled and given new screws.

K-186 Omsk

K-186 was born on 13 July 1989 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The submarine was launched in May 1993 and on 15 December 1993 under the name of Omsk in the service of the Northern Fleet. In 1994 she was transferred to a base of the Pacific Fleet.

K-141 Kursk

K-141 was born on 22 March down in 1990 in Severodvinsk on keel. She ran in May 1994 from the stack. K-141 was born on 30 December 1994 under the name of Kursk in the service of the Northern Fleet. On 12 August 2000 came during an exercise of one of its torpedoes on fire, which ultimately led to two explosions in the bow, the rudderless ship to the bottom of the Barents Sea could fall. All 118 crew members died. The wreck was raised in 2001 and scrapped the 2003rd

K-150 Tomsk

K-150 was on 27 August 1989 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The submarine was launched in July 1996 and was completed on 30 December 1996 Tomsk put into service. In 1998 she was transferred to a base of the Pacific Fleet, where they had to show up because of an injury and then a long time by an American Lockheed P-3 aircraft was shadowed.

K-139 Belgorod

K-139 was born on 24 July 1992 set in Severodvinsk on keel. In 1997, the construction was stopped due to lack of funding. The boat was completed to 75%. An ongoing construction project to improve 949 AM was discussed.

K-135 Wolgograd

K-135 was born on 2 September 1993 set in Severodvinsk on keel. The construction was stopped 1998th

K-160 Barnaul

K-160 was the last boat of Project 949, whose construction was planned. The construction has not begun.